電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)口通常會(hui)采用一個反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)來保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)避免受到反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)損壞！如下圖所示，幾乎(hu)絕大部(bu)分的(de)(de)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)都會(hui)在輸出(chu)(chu)端(duan)(duan)口添加一個甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)多個電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)。這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)起到濾除輸出(chu)(chu)紋波和噪聲，而(er)且(qie)提供額外的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)用于減小在負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動(dong)態變(bian)化時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)突(tu)升或突(tu)降的(de)(de)幅度。電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)承(cheng)受一些反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，但也不會(hui)很高，一般在1V到1.5V，過高的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會(hui)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)泄漏甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)更糟糕的(de)(de)情況。反(fan)(fan)向(xiang)保護(hu)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)導通電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)以(yi)(yi)內，而(er)且(qie)保護(hu)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)耐流(liu)值(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)少應該與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)(chu)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)一致(zhi)。觸發二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)又稱雙向(xiang)觸發二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)（DIAC）屬三層結構(gou)，具有對稱性(xing)的(de)(de)二(er)(er)端(duan)(duan)半導體器件。東莞(guan)二(er)(er)極(ji)管(guan)作用

發光二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)我們生活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)比(bi)較常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)，比(bi)如(ru)說：商業的(de)(de)(de)(de)走字燈，交通燈，LED屏幕，LED燈泡等(deng)等(deng)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)一種用鍺或者硅半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)材料(liao)做成的(de)(de)(de)(de)，半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)材料(liao)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)能在(zai)常(chang)溫下介(jie)于導體(ti)和絕緣體(ti)之間，一百多年前就有這個東西了(le)，是(shi)半(ban)(ban)導體(ti)器件家族中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)元老了(le)。發光二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)只是(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)其中(zhong)(zhong)之一，還(huan)有許(xu)多不同(tong)用途的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)：整流二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、穩壓二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、光電(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、開(kai)關二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。整流二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)我們生活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)較常(chang)見，都用在(zai)交流轉直流的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)：手(shou)機充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器等(deng)等(deng)。東莞晶體(ti)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)出(chu)廠價環形調制(zhi)專門用的(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)就是(shi)正向特性(xing)一致性(xing)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四個二(er)(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組合(he)件。

二極管(guan)(guan)是(shi)十分常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)基礎元器件。在主回路(lu)中，串聯一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)二極管(guan)(guan)，是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)二極管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)單向導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)特(te)性，實現了較簡單可靠的(de)(de)低成本防(fang)反(fan)接(jie)功(gong)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。這(zhe)種低成本方案一(yi)(yi)般在小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)場合，類似小玩具等。因為二極管(guan)(guan)導(dao)(dao)通會(hui)(hui)(hui)有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)0.7V（硅管(guan)(guan)）的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)通壓(ya)降，如果實際電(dian)(dian)(dian)流很大(da)的(de)(de)話，那(nei)么就會(hui)(hui)(hui)產生一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)熱(re)損耗，會(hui)(hui)(hui)導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)發熱(re)。而且如果反(fan)接(jie)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很大(da)的(de)(de)話，超過反(fan)向截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，也會(hui)(hui)(hui)擊(ji)穿二極管(guan)(guan)本身(shen)，導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)二極管(guan)(guan)失效，起不到防(fang)反(fan)接(jie)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)，從而不能(neng)起到保護后級電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)了。

肖(xiao)(xiao)特(te)(te)基(ji)二(er)極(ji)管（SchottkyBarrierDiode）它是具有肖(xiao)(xiao)特(te)(te)基(ji)特(te)(te)性(xing)的(de)(de)"金屬(shu)半導體(ti)結(jie)(jie)"的(de)(de)二(er)極(ji)管。其(qi)正向起始電(dian)壓較低。其(qi)金屬(shu)層除材料(liao)外，還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)金、鉬、鎳(nie)、鈦(tai)等(deng)材料(liao)。其(qi)半導體(ti)材料(liao)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)硅或(huo)砷化鎵，多為N型半導體(ti)。這(zhe)種器(qi)件是由多數載流(liu)子導電(dian)的(de)(de)，所以(yi)(yi)，其(qi)反向飽和電(dian)流(liu)較以(yi)(yi)少(shao)(shao)數載流(liu)子導電(dian)的(de)(de)PN結(jie)(jie)大得多。由于肖(xiao)(xiao)特(te)(te)基(ji)二(er)極(ji)管中(zhong)少(shao)(shao)數載流(liu)子的(de)(de)存貯效應甚微，所以(yi)(yi)其(qi)頻(pin)率響只(zhi)為RC時間常(chang)數限制，因而，它是高(gao)頻(pin)和快速開關的(de)(de)理想器(qi)件。其(qi)工作(zuo)頻(pin)率可(ke)達100GHz。并且，MIS（金屬(shu)－絕緣體(ti)－半導體(ti)）肖(xiao)(xiao)特(te)(te)基(ji)二(er)極(ji)管則可(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)來(lai)制作(zuo)太陽(yang)能電(dian)池或(huo)發光(guang)二(er)極(ji)管。在(zai)規定散熱條件下，二(er)極(ji)管使用(yong)中(zhong)不要(yao)超過二(er)極(ji)管比(bi)較大整流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)值。

二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是一種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)，具有(you)(you)(you)一個PN結，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起到整流、檢波、開(kai)(kai)關、穩壓等(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。由于(yu)其(qi)具有(you)(you)(you)體(ti)積小、功耗低、可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)高、易(yi)于(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造等(deng)優點，被廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)和系統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)類(lei)型(xing)有(you)(you)(you)很多，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常見的(de)(de)(de)是硅(gui)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和鍺二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)。硅(gui)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)又(you)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)分為(wei)普通(tong)(tong)硅(gui)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和肖特(te)基二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)，它(ta)們都具有(you)(you)(you)單(dan)向導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通(tong)(tong)過整流電(dian)(dian)(dian)路將(jiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換為(wei)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)外，二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)開(kai)(kai)關管(guan)(guan)(guan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)斷(duan)。在穩壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)反向擊穿器(qi)件(jian)，將(jiang)過高的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓鉗(qian)位(wei)在安全(quan)范(fan)圍內。除了以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)基本應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)外，二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)還有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)他一些特(te)殊用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途。例如，利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容特(te)性(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)濾波器(qi)、旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)路等(deng)；利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)伏安特(te)性(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)(ke)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器(qi)；利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)溫(wen)度特(te)性(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)度傳感器(qi)；利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)光學(xue)特(te)性(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。總之，二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是一種(zhong)不可(ke)(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)件(jian)，它(ta)在各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發揮著重要的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。隨著科技的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)發展，二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)和應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍也在不斷(duan)拓展和改(gai)進(jin)。硅(gui)功率開(kai)(kai)關二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)具有(you)(you)(you)高速(su)導通(tong)(tong)與截(jie)止(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力。東莞晶體(ti)二(er)(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)出廠(chang)價

對高傳導鍵型二極管而言，能夠(gou)得到更優良的(de)特性(xing)。這類二極管，在(zai)負(fu)荷電阻特別低的(de)情(qing)況下(xia)，整流效率(lv)較高。東莞二極管作用(yong)

二(er)(er)極管(guan)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)：整流(liu)(liu)，整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)作用(yong)(yong)是(shi)將交流(liu)(liu)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)較低的(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換成單向(xiang)脈動性直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這就(jiu)是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)整流(liu)(liu)過程，整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路主要由(you)整流(liu)(liu)二(er)(er)極管(guan)組成。經過整流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路之后的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)已(yi)經不(bu)是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，而是(shi)一種(zhong)含有直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)混(hun)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，習(xi)慣上稱單向(xiang)脈動性直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)；穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，具備(bei)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)二(er)(er)極管(guan)叫做穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二(er)(er)極管(guan)，英文(wen)名稱Zener diode，又叫齊(qi)納二(er)(er)極管(guan)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)PN結反向(xiang)擊穿狀態，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可在很大范圍內變化(hua)而電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)基本不(bu)變。東(dong)莞二(er)(er)極管(guan)作用(yong)(yong)

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